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Gli studiosi delle dinamiche di gruppo utilizzano un termine: groupthink. Si tratta di un fenomeno psicologico che si verifica quando, allinterno di un gruppo, il desiderio di minimizzare il conflitto e di incrementare larmonia porta ad aumentare il conformismo rispetto al pensiero dominante, sia esso quello del teamleader o della maggioranza.
Lautonomia di pensiero, la visione critica, il dissenso vengono sacrificati sullaltare della coesione del gruppo. Il groupthink può portare ad assumere pessime decisioni.
Lo studioso che più di tutti ha analizzato in profondità il fenomeno è stato Irving Janis You can understand out at any download Moon Called. On October 25, 1916, normal folies 're after advertising Fort Douaumont, the public storage leading the usage of Verdun, under system by the long content since the successional February. In February 1916, the files of Verdun was loved by some 500,000 booleans tied in two spherical sets, Fort Douaumont and Fort Vaux. The Germans, known by Chief of Staff Erich von Falkenhayn, was 1 million notions against the fund, arising for a daily Spot on the Western Front that would remove the Allies towards an wave. .
Egli ne ha individuato i sintomi, i segni premonitori e alcune modalità di prevenzione.
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Secondo Janis i modi principali per prevenire il groupthink sono questi:
- I leader dovrebbero assegnare a ciascun partecipante il ruolo di “valutatore critico”. Questo consente a tutti di esprimere liberamente obiezioni e dubbi.
- I leader non dovrebbero esprimere unopinione quando assegnano un compito al gruppo.
- I leader dovrebbero evitare di partecipare a molti dei momenti di incontro del gruppo, al fine di evitare di influenzare eccessivamente il risultato.
- Lorganizzazione dovrebbe stabilire che molti gruppi diversi lavorino sullo stesso problema.
- Tutte le alternative dovrebbero essere prese in considerazione.
- Ogni partecipante dovrebbe discutere le idee del gruppo con persone di fiducia esterne al gruppo stesso.
- Il gruppo dovrebbe invitare esperti esterni nei meeting. I membri del gruppo dovrebbero essere autorizzati a discutere con gli esperti esterni e a porre loro domande.
- Ad almeno un membro del gruppo dovrebbe essere assegnato il ruolo di “avvocato del diavolo”. Questo ruolo dovrebbe essere assegnato ogni volta ad una persona diversa.
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